1．事故分为哪些类别？
1. what are the categories of accidents?
答：在我国，将事故分为物体打击、车辆伤害、机械伤害、起重伤害、触电、淹溺、灼烫、火灾、高处坠落、坍塌、冒顶片帮、透水、放炮、火药爆炸、瓦斯爆炸、锅炉爆炸、容器爆炸、其他爆炸、中毒和窒息以及其他伤害等20个类别。
Answer: in our country, will be divided into the accident against objects, vehicle damage, mechanical injury, crane injury, electric shock, drowning, burns, fire, falling, collapse, rockfall, flooding, blasting, explosion of gunpowder, gas explosion, boiler explosion, explosion, explosion and other vessels and poisoning asphyxia and other damage and other 20 categories.
2．水利水电工程施工中多发的事故种类都有哪些？
2. what kinds of accidents occur in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects?
答：水利水电工程施工中多发的事故主要有：高处坠落、起重伤害、触电、溺水、坍塌和物体打击等。
Answer: in water conservancy and hydropower project construction, the main accidents are: falling height, lifting injury, electric shock, drowning, collapse and object strike, etc..
3．施工现场人员个人防护的基本要求有哪些？
3. what are the basic requirements for personal protection of construction site personnel?
答：进入施工现场人员应佩带安全帽，现场作业人员应正确穿戴工作服、工作鞋等防护用品；进行高空作业或工作检查的施工人员应正确使用安全绳、安全带等防护用品。
Answer: to enter the construction site personnel should wear safety helmet, field operations personnel should wear the correct working clothes, shoes and other protective equipment; construction personnel working aloft or checking should correctly use the safety rope, safety belt and other protective equipment.
4．哪些人员不得从事高处作业？
4. who should not engage in height operations?
答：经医生诊断，患有高血压、心脏病、贫血、精神病的人及其他不适于高处作业病症的人员。
Answer: doctors diagnosed with high blood pressure, heart disease, anemia, mental illness and other unfit for high operating conditions of the personnel.
5．高处作业的安全防护措施有哪些？
5. what are the safety protection measures for height operation?
答：（1）作业人员必须戴安全帽，系安全带，穿软底鞋；（2）进行悬空高处作业时，脚手架平台铺设固定脚手板，临空一面必须搭设安全网和防护栏杆，安全网随建筑物的升高而升高，距离工作面最大高度不超过3m，防护栏杆高度不得低于1 m；（3）高处作业周围的沟道、孔洞井口等必须用固定盖板盖牢或设防护围栏。
Answer: (1) personnel must wear safety helmets, safety belts, wear soft soled shoes; (2) of the hanging height, laying fixed scaffolding scaffolding platform must be erected, airport side safety nets and protective railing, increased safety net buildings with increased distance of working face is not the maximum height more than 3m, the protective barrier height of not less than 1 m; (3) height around the channel, the hole wellhead must use a fixed cover or a fence.
6．高处作业按高度可以分为几种？
6., height work can be divided into several kinds of height?
答：按照高度划分，高处作业可分为一级（2~5m）、二级（5~15m）、三级（15~30m）和特级（30m以上）高处作业四种。
Answer: in accordance with the height division, height work can be divided into one level (2~5m), two (5~15m), three (15~30m) and grade (30M), four kinds of height work.
7．特殊高处作业都有哪些？
7. what are the special height jobs?
答：特殊高处作业有以下八种：阵风风力六级以上的强风高处作业、异温高处作业、雪天高处作业、雨天高处作业、夜间高处作业、带电高处作业、悬空高处作业和抢救高处作业。
Answer: special high altitude operation has the following eight types: wind gusts of six above the level of the winds aloft, different temperature and high operation, high operation, high operation snow rain, night aloft, charged aloft, the hanging height and the rescue operation height.
8．哪些情况下不得进行高处作业？
8. under what circumstances can no height work be performed?
答：在以下一些情况下不得进行高处作业：（1）作业下方或附近有煤气、烟以及其他有害气体未排除或未隔离的；（2）在带电体附近作业，且距带电体的最小安全距离不足而未采取措施的；（3）进行三级、特级和特殊高处作业前，未采取相应安全技术措施、未进行技术交底的；（4）排架、脚手板、马道、梯子和防护措施不符合安全要求的；（5）规范、规程规定的其他情形。
Answer: working at height shall not be in the following circumstances: (1) below or near the operating gas, smoke and other harmful gases are not excluded or not segregated; (2) operation in the charged body near and away from the charged body of the minimum safety distance insufficient without taking measures; (3) three super high, and special operations, not to take the corresponding safety technical measures, technical clarification; (4) shelving, scaffolding, ladders and road protection measures do not meet the safety requirements; (5) other circumstances norms, rules.
9．起重运输作业中应注意哪些方面？
Which aspects should we pay attention to in the 9. heavy lift operation?
答：在起重运输作业中，应注意以下方面问题：防碰撞、防物体坠落、防脱钩、防倾翻、钢丝绳和绳夹的使用要符合安全要求、起重安全装置完善并且灵敏可靠和其他一些安全注意事项。
Answer: in the lifting operation, should pay attention to the following aspects: anti collision, anti falling and anti decoupling, anti tipping, use wire rope and rope clamps to meet the safety requirements, lifting safety device and improve the sensitive and reliable safety precautions and other objects.
10．哪些情况下不得进行起吊作业？
10. under what circumstances can not carry out lifting operations?
答：为确保安全作业，以下几种情形下起重运输机械不得进行起吊作业：超负荷、埋在地下无法估重的物件、工件紧固不牢、斜拉工件、光线阴暗通视不良、指挥信号不明或乱指挥、安全装置失灵。
Answer: to ensure safe operation, the following conditions shall not be lifting the transport machinery lifting operation: overload, buried in the ground to estimate object, firm, heavy workpiece fastening cable-stayed, light dark, poor visibility the command signal of unknown or arbitrary command, safety device failure.
11．金属焊接和热切割作业过程会产生什么有害物质？对作业人员造成什么职业危害？
11. what harmful substances will be produced during metal welding and thermal cutting operations? What are the occupational hazards to the operators?
答：金属焊接和热切割作业过程会产生高温、有毒气体、有害粉尘和弧光辐射等，使作业现场有可能发生爆炸、火灾、烫伤、中毒、触电和高空坠落等事故。作业人员可能身受尘肺、慢性中毒、血液疾病、电光性眼病和皮肤病等职业危害。
Answer: metal welding and thermal cutting process will produce high temperature, toxic gases, harmful dust and arc light radiation, the operation site may occur explosion, fire, poisoning, burns, electric shock and falling accident. Operators may suffer from pneumoconiosis, chronic poisoning, blood diseases, electro-optical eye diseases and skin diseases and other occupational hazards.
12．金属焊接和热切割作业人员应该遵守哪些基本安全要求？
12. what are the basic safety requirements for metal welding and thermal cutting operations?
答：（1）从事金属焊接和热切割作业人员应熟知本作业安全技术规程及有关安全知识，并经过专门培训考核，取得特种作业操作证后方可上岗操作。严禁无证上岗；（2）焊、割场所必须有消防设施，并保证其处于完好状态；（3）保证工作场所有足够照明，光线充足；（4）工作前应检查焊机、电线等设备器具是否完好，作业场所是否符合安全要求。工作结束后应拉下焊机闸刀、切断电源，关好气体瓶阀和减压阀，防止留下隐患；（5）风力超过5级时，禁止露天进行焊接和气割作业。
Answer: (1) engaged in metal welding and thermal cutting operation personnel safety technical regulations and related work Jhihben cooked safety knowledge, and through specialized training and examination, and obtained special operation certificate before induction operation. Is strictly prohibited without certificate; (2) welding and cutting areas must be fire facilities, and ensure they are intact; (3) to ensure adequate lighting, adequate lighting; (4) the work should be checked before welding, wire and other equipment are in good condition, workplace compliance with safety requirements. After the end of the work should pull the welding knife, cut off the power supply, close the gas bottle valve and pressure relief valve, prevent left hidden trouble; (5) the wind over 5, banning open welding and gas cutting operation.
13．金属焊接和热切割作业的职业危害防护有哪些要点？
13. what are the main points of occupational hazard prevention in metal welding and thermal cutting operations?
答：（1）焊工应按规定正确穿戴工作鞋、防护手套等劳动防护用品；（2）从事电焊工作时，必须使用镶有滤光镜片的面罩；气焊、气割作业时，必须佩戴有色眼镜，防止火花灼伤眼睛；（3）作业场所要加强通风排尘，防止有害气体和粉尘积聚；（4）夏季炎热季节作业时，要采取防暑降温措施，加强通风。
Answer: (1) the welder should be required to wear proper shoes, protective gloves and other labor protection supplies; (2) engaged in welding work, must be used with a filter mask; gas welding and gas cutting operations, must wear tainted glasses to prevent sparks, burn the eyes; (3) in place to strengthen the ventilation and dust and prevent the harmful gas and dust accumulation; (4) the hot summer season during the operation, to take measures to prevent heatstroke, strengthening ventilation.