冀州水利设备厂

水闸启闭机当前广泛的应用在水工建筑物的建设中，它是用来起吊闸门、装卸和安装作业的起重机械。科学合理的检修和维护水闸启闭机可以保证启闭机的正常安全使用，对于提高工程的质量和效益都具有十分重要的意义。

Sluice hoist is widely used in the construction of hydraulic structures. It is used for lifting gates, loading and unloading and installation of lifting machinery. Scientific and reasonable maintenance and maintenance of sluice hoist can ensure the normal and safe use of the hoist, which is of great significance for improving the quality and efficiency of the project.

1、启闭机的检修

1. Overhaul of open and close machine

检修是检测和修理的简称。通过检测发现设备的故障、隐患和存在的问题，为修理提供依据。通过修理，解决存在问题，使其恢复原有的性能。 

Inspection and repair are the abbreviations of inspection and repair. It is found that the faults, hidden dangers and problems of the equipment are found through inspection, providing the basis for repair. Through repair, problems can be solved to restore their original performance. It

1.1检测 

1.1 detection

检测包括检查、测量和故障分析。所谓检查，一般是通过看、摸、听、闻等直观的方法，即“看其表、摸其温、听其声、问其味”，对设备的状况进行查验，以使确定设备工作是否正常；而测量是指借助各种量具、仪表等对设备及零部件进行测试，以便确定它们是否符合要求，满足工作需要；故障分析是针对检查发现的声响、温度、气味等异常现象，结合以往的运行和检修记录做出科学的分析判断，作为制定修理计划和修理方案的依据。 

Inspection includes inspection, measurement and fault analysis. The so-called inspection, generally through viewing, touching, listening, smell and other intuitive methods, namely "watch its table, touch its temperature, listen to its sound, ask its taste", check the condition of the equipment to determine whether the equipment work is normal, and measurement means to test the equipment and parts with the help of various measuring tools and instruments, so as to determine it Whether they meet the requirements and meet the needs of the work, the fault analysis is aimed at the abnormal phenomena such as sound, temperature, odor and so on, and makes scientific analysis and judgment based on the previous operation and maintenance records as the basis for making repair plans and repair plans. It

（1）检查的分类。检查分为经常检查、定期检查和特殊检查三类。经常检查包括运行检查和定期巡视。运行检查又分为运行前、运行中和运行后的检查。定期巡视的周期，由具体情况而定，一般为旬或月。定期检查包括汛前检查、汛后检查和冰冻检查。汛前检查的目的是为了确保安全度汛。其内容主要是与启闭机准确、灵活、安全可靠运行有关的项目。汛后检查是比较全面的检查。根据检查的结果，制定下年的检修计划。所以汛后检查也是最重要的常规检查。特殊检查包含两方面内容：一是当发生特大洪水、暴风雨、强烈地震等灾害时，要对启闭机进行检查；二是知道其它单位相同启闭机出现问题时，对相同部位进行检查。因为同型号的启闭机很可能发生相同问题，这是一种借鉴检查。 

(1) the classification of the examination. Examination is divided into three categories: regular examination, regular inspection and special inspection. Regular inspection includes operation inspection and regular inspection. Operation inspection is divided into inspection before, after and after operation. The period of regular inspection depends on the specific circumstances, usually for ten days or months. Regular inspections include pre flood inspection, post flood inspection and freezing inspection. The purpose of pre flood inspection is to ensure the safety of flood season. Its contents are mainly related to the accurate, flexible, safe and reliable operation of hoist. After the flood, the inspection is a more comprehensive examination. According to the results of the inspection, the next year's maintenance plan should be worked out. So post flood check is also the most important routine check. Special inspection includes two aspects: first, when catastrophic floods, storms, strong earthquakes and other disasters, the opening and closing machines should be checked; and the two is to know the same part of the same parts when other units have the same problem. Because the same type of hoist is likely to have the same problem, which is a reference for inspection. It

（2）测量。测量分为零部件测量和整机性能测试。零部件的测量包括零部件自身的测量和零部件之间相互位置的测量。零部件测量包括外形尺寸、形位公差、位置公差、间隙的测量和内部缺陷的探测。对于零部件内部缺陷的检测，除敲击探伤法外，常用的有磁性探伤仪和超声波探伤仪。整机性能测量项目包括启闭力、速度、电压、电流、绝缘等。

(2) measurement. The measurement is divided into parts measurement and whole machine performance test. The measurement of parts includes the measurement of parts themselves and the measurement of the positions between parts. Component measurement includes dimension, shape tolerance, position tolerance, clearance measurement and internal defect detection. For the detection of internal defects of components, magnetic flaw detectors and ultrasonic flaw detectors are commonly used in addition to percussion detection. The whole machine performance measurement includes opening and closing force, speed, voltage, current, insulation and so on.

（3）故障分析。故障分析主要是针对检查的结果进行分析判断，找出故障，加以排除。故障分析的基本依据，是设备的工作原理、零部件的运动状况、受力状况以及它们的配合关系。结合运行检修记录，对检查发现的异常现象，由浅入深，由表及里，进行综合分析判断。 

(3) fault analysis. Fault analysis is mainly aimed at analyzing and judging the results of inspection, finding out faults and eliminating them. The basic basis of fault analysis is the working principle of the equipment, the movement state of the parts and components, the stress condition and their matching relationship. Combined with the operation and maintenance records, the abnormal phenomena found in the inspection are analyzed from the superficial to the deep, from the inside to the outside, and the comprehensive analysis and judgement are made. It

1.2修理的分类 

The classification of 1.2 repairs

闸门启闭机的修理一般分为养护维修、定期修理和抢修。养护维修是针对经常检查发现的故障隐患进行局部修理，以保持设备完好，通常结合维护保养进行。定期修理又分为小修和大修二种，小修又叫岁修，一般以年为周期，它是年末根据全年运行检查，特别是汛后大检查所发现的问题，制定检修计划，安排下年修理，大修根据设备大小和复杂程度，又分为整机大修和部件大修，大修是一种恢复性的修理，其周期根据运行状况和环境条件，一般为5～10a，有的甚至更长些。抢修是紧急修理作业，在运行过程中如突然发生事故和故障，必须紧急处理。抢修是闸门启闭机械最不希望出现的事后修理作业，特别是泄洪闸门启闭机械，在防汛泄洪期间出现了事故，即使抢修，也很可能造成不可挽回的巨大损失。

The repair of gate hoist is usually divided into maintenance, regular repair and rush repair. Maintenance and repair is aimed at local faults repaired by frequent inspection, so as to keep the equipment in good condition, usually combined with maintenance. Regular repair is also divided into two kinds of minor repairs and major repairs. The minor repair is called Sui Xiu. Generally, it is a year cycle. It is an annual inspection, especially the problem found in the flood inspection after the flood season. The repair plan is made, the next year is fixed, the major repair is based on the size and complexity of the equipment, and it is divided into the whole machine overhaul and the component overhaul. Overhaul is a restorative repair. Its cycle is generally 5 to 10a, and some even longer. Rush repair is an urgent repair operation. If there is a sudden accident or failure during the operation, it must be dealt with urgently. The emergency repair is the most undesirable post repair operation for the gate opening and closing machinery, especially the opening and closing machinery of the flood sluice gate. The accident occurred during the flood prevention and flood discharge. Even the repair, it is likely to cause irreparable huge losses.

2、启闭机的维护

2. Maintenance of open and close machine

启闭机的维护是闸门启闭机运行管理的重要内容。因为闸门启闭机的维修原则是“安全第一，预防为主”。必须做到“经常维护，随时维修，修重于抢”。所以认真做好闸门启闭机的维护工作是贯彻这一原则的具体表现。

Maintenance of hoist is an important part of operation and management of gate hoist. Because the gate hoist maintenance principle is "safety first, prevention first". We must "maintain regularly, repair at any time, and repair heavier than robbery". Therefore, it is the concrete manifestation of implementing this principle to do a good job in maintenance of gate hoist.

2.1维护的重要性 

The importance of 2.1 maintenance

维护就是对经常检查发现的缺陷和问题，随时进行保养与局部修补，以保持工程及设备完好。启闭机械在使用过程中由于磨损、受力、振动和时效等原因，会引起设备的动力性、经济性和安全可靠性能降低，产生隐患和故障。因此必须根据设备技术状况、变化规律，经常进行必要的维护作业，减少磨损，消除隐患和故障，保持设备始终处于良好的技术状况，以延长使用寿命，减少运行费用确保安全可靠地运行。 

Maintenance is the maintenance and partial repair at any time for defects and problems detected frequently, so as to keep the engineering and equipment in good condition. The power, economy and safety and reliability of the equipment will be reduced in use, such as wear, force, vibration and aging, resulting in hidden dangers and failures. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the necessary maintenance work according to the technical condition and changing law of the equipment, reduce the wear, eliminate the hidden danger and fault, keep the equipment in good technical condition, prolong the service life, reduce the running cost and ensure the safe and reliable operation. It

2.2维护的内容 

2.2 maintenance content

维护的内容可概括为清洁、紧固、调整、润滑八字作业。

The contents of maintenance can be summarized as cleaning, fastening, adjusting and lubricating.

        ①清洁。启闭机械在运行过程中，由于油料、灰尘等影响，必然会引起设备表面及关键

It is clean. Due to the influence of oil and dust, the surface and key of the hoisting machinery will inevitably arise.